SHERWOOD OF ENGLAND

 "Softly over Sherwood the south wind blows,
                                        All the heart of England hid in every rose."  Alfred Noyes, Victorian Poet

 SHERWOOD NOTES 

Compiled from reprints of British Mss., and other reliable sources of genealogical research between 1878 and 1928 

by MARY SHERWOOD HALE.

 "This I did conceive would be an act of piety to those that are dead and
gone, whose memory, every day threatens to forgotteness." John Holles.

(This article was OCR scanned by Phil Sherwood from a photocopy of the original supplied by Mrs Jura M Sherwood in 1998. The original article was written by Mrs. Mary Sherwood Hale of Chicago ca1928, publisher unknown, Dewey Classn. 929.2 Sh58S?) The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of our Sherwood One-Name Study Group.

       FOREWORD

These papers are not intended to establish a line of pedigree; their purpose being only to show by a succession of highlights the prevailing family keynote. There is revealed of line of powerful Ecclesiastics, connected with Court life: men of learning, wit, and accomplishment, with noticeable gifts in language, music and poetry. Likewise a line of Scholars of repute. A list of such, with properly cited authorities is given on another sheet of this sheaf of papers, that follow in the main the right path, though showing an occasional blunder made as I blazed my own unaided way along an unknown and unrecorded line of investigation.

When Scirwudu (958) Saxon ancestor of the Sherwoods, and Waltheof (969) Saxon ancestor of the Nevil Earls of Northumberland flourished, the Saxons from south of the Elbe had held intermittent rule in Northumberland since the 5th cent. They, with the Angles from north of the Elbe, had driven back the Britons, Pict and Scots, until Northumberland included the Scottish lowlands on the north, and on the south Westmoreland, Durham, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, etc. From time to time the Danes had landed, overrun some of this territory, destroying records and property, and holding brief reign.

         The last and greatest of these, Canute (1017) built a mansion in Staindrop-on-the-Tees,  Co. Durham. In the 6th Cent., the Anglian king Ida (d.559) and his 12 sons had driven the British king Arthur from his "Seat" in Northumberland near the Firth of Forth, and in 617 the Saxon king Edwy built a stronghold castle near the Seat and named the place Edinburgh. Between 954 and 971, the Earls of Northumberland withdrew from Edinburgh, leaving it to the Scots, and in 1017 it was incorporated with Scotland. That Scirwudu had connection with the Saxon castle of Edinburgh seems indicated; the Saxon kings occupied the old Northumbrian Capitol at Bamburgh Castle,--the Joyeuse Gards of Lancelot, and there were other Fortress castles at Knaresborough, Hartlepool, Chester-le-street. Durham, Scarborough, etc.     

            The Saxons, whose religion included Woden and the other gods of Valhalla early accepted Christianity, and in the day of Scirwudu and Waltheof several bishoprics existed at Lindisfarne, Durham, York, Lindissi (Lincoln), and both Sherwoods and Nevils were early established at Durham, Lincoln, and undoubtedly Lindisfarne. Waltheof's son m. 1st a dau. of Aldan, Bishop of Durham,--Saxon Bishops married-- and he m. 3rd, a dau. of King Aethelred the Unready, whose dower included Raby-in-Staindrop, Teasdale valley, Co. Durham, where Nevils  and Sherwoods have continued for more than 900 years. From a later Norman wife Waltheof's descendants took the name of Nevil, and built the stronghold castle of RABY, on the site of Canute's mansion, and the 5th Baron Raby became the 1st Earl of Westmoreland.  

Scirwudu becomes Scirewood and de Shyreswood toward the end of the Crusades. Fairbairn gives a group of rose crests au naturel,--the Crusader's rose of Palestine,--in which all roses are red and all names Scotch, Logie, Ross, MacCartney, etc., except the one white rose of Saxon Sherwood. Both Sherwoods and Nevil lost land and lives through the attainder of Sir Chas. Nevil (1543-1608) Earl of Westmoreland 1570 for his activities in "The Uprisings in the North". In the list of property sequestrated by the Crown 1570, was that of his cousin Sir Jno. Nevil of Leversedge, Yorks, which included Sherwood Hall, Egrough, Yorkshire near Selby. Sir Jno. was a desc. of Alys. Sherwood. Thos. Sherwood was Wracked in the Tower, in connection with the "Uprisings" 

Abbreviated list: Wm. Scirewood, Archdeacon of Durham 1249; Wm. Archdeacon of Durham 1260, one of whom endowed University Coll. Oxford.; Wm. de Shyreswood Chancellor of Lincoln 1249; Wm. Treas. of Lincoln d. 1258;  Cath. S. m. 1313 Rich. Ollyer "un des Compagnons du roi Ed. II"; Willelmus de S. 1325-6, "Calend. Inquis. Ad quod Damnum"; Marg. Willel. and Alex. Yorkshire 1379; Alys m. Sir Jno. Nevil of Leversedge cir. 1350. Raff Notts. cir. 1440; 'Wm. Bishop of Meath and Gov. of Ireland d. 1482; Jno. Bish. of Durham and lawyer for Ed. IV., it 1494; Thos. Wracked in Tower 1577; Eliz. m. Maudesley of Essex,--rec. 1509-47; Beverly S. Wills Yorksh. 1529-1640; Sir Rich. Bedfordshire 1583; (See Somerset S. elsewhere). London "Citizens of 1st Class".

Thos. 1586-1655, “A Founder of New Eng.” 1634: Wm. 1st Att'y Genl of Va. 1688, d. 1698; Hugh, Governor's Ass't Md. 1692. 

SHERWOOD COAT OF ARMS

Argent, a chevron between three mullets sable. Crest : A dexter hand holding a branch of a rose tree argent, slipped, leaved vert. The time and circumstances of its granting, I have not found, but the name is included among the existing Armigiri at the second Visitation of the Heralds in 1563. The Harleian Society's Mss. is somewhat confusing to consult, as the several series deal with "Marriages" or "Wills", etc., but Foster's Pedigrees founded on the "Visitations may be found by the perserving. Foster's Peds. in Vol. XVI of Harl. Soc. gives the Vis. of Yorkshire, 1563, and on p. 228 gives Sir Edmond Nevil of Leversedge. The same volume, p. 246; gives a Sherwood Ped. Smith's "Old Yorkshire" Vol. IV, pp. 240-1-2, as well as Vol. Ill, p. 24, show the complete Nevil-Sherwood line. Papworth's Brit. Armorial, p. 459, gives under "three mullets between" the armsof Sherwoods of York, Newcastle, and Somerset. All are to be found in Burke's Gen'l Armory. Burke's Illustrations, Plate LXXXVII, ed.1844 illustrates the above blazon as used in the third quarter of Evans of Baymount Co. Dublin, & Robinstowe, West Meath. Information concerning Eng. Coat Armour may be obtained from the College of Arms, London. All early Eng. Rec. are Ecclesiastical, not Civic. Yeomen were not included in any records prior to 1538. The rose is said to have been introduced into England by Crusaders who brought it from Palestine, and the rose crest au naturel, is therefore said to indicate an origin in a crusading ancestor, and is called "the Crusader's rose." The Sherwood rose is the only white one registered in Fairbairn. The motto: Fortitor et Fidelitor" may be freely translated "Constant and True", as given by Fairbairn, who gives also "Arma Spina Rosa", i.e. "The thorn is the defense of the rose", and several other  mottoes are used by bearers of the rose au natural. Sherwood is quartered by Abbot of Bellasis; by Nevil of Leversedge; by Evans of Baymount Ireland; by Oliviere de Lorancourt, France; by Skeffington, Earls of Masserme, Antrim, Ireland. (Lodge’s Peerage, Vol. II, 372 Dc Magney's Nobiliare, & Burke's Gen. Armory.)

ENGLISH COLONIALS

Thomas Sherwood 1586-1655, "A Founder of New Eng. (N. E. H&G Reg. Vol. XIV, 323  

Wm. Sherwood 1688, first Att'y. Gen'l. of Va. 1677 (Fiske's Old  Va.

Hugh Sherwood, Governor's Ass't. Md. 1692 (C. D. A.)       

SCIRWUDU-DE SHYRESWOOD-SCIREWOOD,-SHERWOOD of England

1. When the Angles and Saxons, who came into England from both borders of the river Elbe in western Germany, retreated before the Vikings and Danes into central England, they became known as the West Saxons. Their fifth king in succession from Alfred the Gt. 901, was named Edwy, and among his Saxon subjects was Scirwudu 958 ancestor of the Sherwoods. (Standard Dict. via Lexicographer.) "Scir" signified fair, bright-colored, rather than Shire, and the “wudu” may have borne some fanciful relation to Woden, the Saxon god of wisdom and heroes, and father of the Valkyries.       

2. In 1249, when the diocese of Lincoln included besides Lincolnshire; Northamtonshire, Huntington: Bucks: Hertford: William de Shyres-Wood, Chancellor of Lincoln died. (Brit.)

In 1258 Win. Shirwood Prebend of Aylesbury, was Treasurer of Lincoln (Dict. Nat. Biog.)

In 1273 Ralph de Scirewood lived in Lincolnshire. (Bardsley's Dict. Surnames).

 3. Catherine Sherwood, "heiress of her House," married Richard d'Olyer of Yorkshire gr.son of deLacy, earl of Lincoln, and "un des compagnons de Roi Edw. 11 1313.” See Oliviere de Lorancourt in de Magney's "Nobiliare de France", which includes also the statement that the Sherwoods were among the "best families of England." In 1326 Isabella "the she-wolf of France" and the wife of Edw. II, who had been staying with her paramour Mortimer in France, landed with him in Suffolk and were as Catholics supported by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the King was forced to flee into Wales. In 1327 he was deposed for weak control of the Nation, and for indulgence in gifts of manor lands to his favorites. The Calendorium Inquisitorium Edw. II to Hen. VI., records the "damnum" i.e. excommunication, possibly execution of Willelmus de Sherwood 1325-6. This Willelmus would seem to be of the family of Catherine Sherwood d'Oliviere.

Near the middle of the 14th century Alys Sherwood married Sir Jno. Nevil of Leversedge Yorkshire. For Sir Jno. Nevil of Leversedge Yorkshire 1379 see Foster's Pedigrees vol. IV, p. 228. (See also Jacob's  Peerage vol. II: Baronagium Genealogicum vol. IV.: Smith's Old Yorkshire.) Sherwood is in 4th quarter of Nevil of Leversedge Shield. In 1359 Margaretta, Alex, and Willelmus de Shyrrewood, were of Yorkshire. (Bardsley.) 

4. Wm. Sherwood d. 1482 was Lord Bishop of the Palatinate of Meath, Ireland, and Dep. Gov. of Ireland for Geo. Duke of Clarence, who was the son of Rich. Plantagenet duke of York by his wife Cecilly Nevil, dau. of Ralph Nevil 1st earl of Westmoreland and 6th Baron Raby, Yorkshire. He m. Joan Beaufort dau. of Jno. of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford, and thus Cecilly was gr.dau. of Jno. of Gaunt (See  Dict. Nat. Biog. and Gilbert's Viceroys of Ireland). 

Jno. Sherwood d. 1494 was Chancellor of Exeter Cath. 1460, and Lord Bishop, of the Palatinate of Durham, 1484-94. He was King's Advocate at Rome for Ed. IV. and proposed for Cardinal by Rich. III, whose death prevented consummation. He brought the first Greek Library into Eng., and wrote one of the first books printed there. He was a poet of merit. A letter of his is 917 of Paston Letters. (See Dict. Nat. Biog.: Surtees Hist. Durham.) Leland's Itinerary.       

Raby Castle came into possession of the crown in 1570, due to the connection of Chas. Nevil 6th Earl of Westmoreland in the uprisings in the North. Sir Harry Vane, Col. Gov. of Mass. bought it from the Crown. He was condemned for heresy. 

5. Circa 1420 a Raff. Sherwood must have lived, as his dau. Anne m. Jno. Baynbrigge of Durham, and their gr.gr.son d. 1575. In the Visitation of York 1563, under Eliz., Wm. Sherwood, Clothdealer of Newcastle-on-Tyne, gave the 3 generations required of the Armigers to establish their right to continue the use of the Arms of their ancestors.

He gave: "Raff Sherwood of Nottyngham begat John Sherwood son and heir, who m. Jone, dau. of__Sherwyn of Stelington Yorkshire, and begat the present (1563) Wm. of Newcastle, who m. Elenor, dau. of Pyter Chaytor of Croft. Wm. records also his bro. "Thos. m. Isabel, no issue." Anne, dau. of Raff Sherwood, m. Jno. Bowes of Middleton, Co. Durham, (Hutchinson's Durham), The Bowes-Lyon, is in 1921 the largest landholder in Yorkshire and their heiress m. the Duke of York, 2nd son of GEO. V. Sherwoods were still living in the Wear valley of Durham and Yorkshire in 19th C. (Gentleman's Mag.)       

See Sherwood Ped. Harl. Soc. XVI, p.p. 285 and 228. See Hutch. Hist. Durham V. 3. The easily proved connection between the Durham, Yorkshire, Nottynham, Lincolnshire, Suffolk and London Sherwoods arises of course from their Saxon origin in common. I have not learned the year nor circumstances of their Grant of Arms, but that it was among the early ones is self-evident. Illustrations of it may be found in Nevil of Leversedge, and in Ped. of Evans of Baymount, Dublin, Co. Meath, Ireland. (Burke's Illustrations.)

The White Rose Crest "au natural" is known as a Crusader's Crest. Sherwood of Newcastle varied his own Line, according to custom, by a difference of color.

6. In the time of Hen. VIII (1509-47) Elizabeth Sherwood m. Richard Maudesley of The Mere, Co. Suffolk; another branch probably of the Maudesleys of Derbyshire. Between 1558-1583 the Bramfield Church Register, near the Maudesleys of the Mere manor, records many Sherwoods among its vital statistics, of Owsden, Saxmundham, Suffolk, the name Thomas being conspicuous. Between 1529-1640, 20 Sherwood wills of "gentlemen" were probated in Yorshire, many near Beverly, a town near Selby. The Genealogist "Vol. VI. gives a Ped. of Jno. Sherwood of East Hendred, Berks which is probably that of Sherwood of Drayton, Berks, 1570-1902, compiled by Geo. Tudor Sherwood of London.       

During the Inquisitions of Eliz. into the "Uprisings in the North", Thos. Sherwood was examined upon the Wrack Nov. 17^th 1577, and condemned to the "rat dungeon" under the Thames. (Strickland, Vol.III, p. 349). N.B. He was the first Catholic Martyr under the reign of  Elizabeth I to be hung, drawn and quartered at Tyburn.  

7. Robert Sherwood of Coventry, Warwickshire, fl. 1520, was an eminent Hebraist and Logician. Of the Coventry line is that of Mrs. Sherwood, author of "The Fairfield Family" etc., and the wife of Capt. Henry Sherwood. As Mary Martha Butts, she m. her cousin on her Sherwood side.       

8. There was an eminent physician of Bath, Somerset 1599 named Reuben Sherwood; in 1620 Dr. Jno. Sherwood d. in Bath, and Dr. Reuben Sherwood lived in Abbey House, Bath, and had as guest the Princess Anne; later he was known as physician to Queen Anne, 1660-1705. (See Collinson's  Somerset).       

8. Henry Sherwood 1610, Reg. Univ. Oxford. Vol. ii, pt. ii, p. 317. Wm. Sherwood 1639-1728, Naturalist. A fellow of Oxford, where he endowed a Chair of Botany in which he established Dillenius. He was a great traveller and student and came to No. America in 1712, visiting Virginia and the Carolinas, where he discovered the plant Gerardia, named for him. (Dict. Nat. Bi.) He was a son of "Thos. Sherwood, Gent." of Bushby Lincolnshire, but resided at Tower Hill London. Many Sherwoods lived in London where the citizens were divided into four classes. The Sherwood are in Class A.

James Sherwood 1666-1738, a brother of Wm. 1639-1728, botanist and cultivator of rare plants, had "the finest garden in Eng." He carried into effect his brother's Oxford endowment, and received the degree of M.D., and a Fellowship. He was a gifted musician and composed twenty-four sonatas, for violin, cello, harpischord.

8 1/2. Sir Richard Sherwood, b. cir. 1560, of Woodall, Bedfordshire, Knight. Catherine Sherwood, his dau. m. Sir Wm. Skeffington, Earl of Masserine, an Irish nobleman of Antrim, whose title is now extinct. In 1620, Sir Wm. d. ae. 20. Catherine m. 2nd Michael Bray, one of her grooms. A dispute arose between Sir Jno. Skeffington, bro. and hr. of Wm., and Michael Bray, followed by a sword duel in which Michael killed Sir Jno., who as he fell ran Bray through.       

Bishop Wm. Sherwood, d. 1482, was Bishop of Meath; Evans who quartered Sherwood was of Meath, and the Earls of Skeffington are buried there. (See Lodge' Irish Peerage, Vol. II, p. 372), The family of Robert Sherwood, Ed of Life, and Author, 1928, is Irish. I don't know its origin.       

9. Wm. Sherwood of London came to Va. with the Cavaliers, "he was a gentleman and an aristocrat, and the first Att'y Gen'l. of Va." (Fiske's Hist. Va.) Hugh Sherwood of London settled in Talbot Co. Md.... Governor's Ass't. 1692. C.D.A. Reg. 

Thos Sherwood 1585-1655, sailed from Ipswich with the Saltontall colonists 1634, and settled in Fairfield, Ct. He said his line came from Sherwood Forest. This might mean the Nottyngham line, or the Nevil-Sherwood line of Sherwood Hall, Egrough, Osgodscrosse, Yorkshire, four miles south of Selby. (See property list of Jno. Nevil; Glover and St. George VIs. York p. 567 and 246.

10.  There seems considerable circumstantial evidence to show that in the 11th and 12th centuries the Sherwoods were connected with the efforts to establish Christianity in the Holy Islands, and later in Durham.

There is a noticable connection with the Nevils,--also of Old English origin,--through all the centuries. Waltheof, Officiary Earl of Northumberland 969 was the Nevil Saxon ancestor, and there were Bishops and Ecclesiastics among his immediate descendants connected with Durham Cath. (Jacob' Peerage) Scirewudu 956, Saxon ancestor of the Sherwoods, and Waltheof 968, Saxon ancestor of the Nevils were contemporaries. The present representative of the Nevils of Leversedge is Baron Braybrook. St. Dunstan d. 968, Archbishop of Canterbury,  a son of a Saxon noble, was a contemporary of Scirewudu and Waltheof.       

A brief list of Englishmen of the name.

Research work 1902-1926.
1.   Scirewudu 958 A.D. Wudu the Fair, Saxon Founder of the name.

Wm. de Shyreswood, d. 1249, Chancellor of Lincoln. (Brittannica,)

2.   Wm. Shirwood, Prebend of Ailesbury; Treasurer of Lincoln 1258 (Dic. Nat. Biog.)       

3.   Ralph de Scirewood of Lincoln 1273. (Bardsley Dict. of Names.)       

4.   Catherine Sherwood married Richard Ollyer, grandson of de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, cir. 1313. (De Magney's Nobiliare de France,"Oliviere".)       

5.   Alys Sherwood married Sir John Nevil of Leversedge, Yorkshire, c. mid. 14 c. (Foster's Pedigrees; Harleian Soc. Pub. vol. 5, p. 228; Smith's Old Yorkshire etc.       

6.   Margaretta, Alexander; and Willelmus de Shyreswood of Yorkshire 1379 (Bardsley Dic.)       

7.   Wm. Sherwood d. 1482, Lord Bishop of the Palatinate of Meath, Ireland, and Dep. Gov. of Ireland for Geo. Duke of Clarence, son of  Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, and his wife Cecilly Nevil, dau. of  Ralph Nevil, 1st Earl of Westmoreland, and 6th Baron of Raby, by his 2nd wife Joan Beaufort Nevil, (Dict. Nat'l. Biog.: Leland's Hist. Ireland: Gilbert's Viceroys of Ireland.) 

8.   John Sherwood d. 1494. Chancellor of Exeter Cath. Devon, 1460. Lord Bishop of the Palantinate of Durham 1484. King's Advocate at Rome for Edward IV. Proposed for Cardinal by Rich III, but negotiations stopped by death of Rich. III. Wm. brought the first Greek Library into Eng., and kept it at his home at Bishop's Auckland, Durham. He was a poet of considerable merit and a book of his, early pub. by Caxton, is in Brit. Museum. (Dict. Nat. Biog.: Rhymer Foedora XII: Surtees Hist. Durham: Paxton Letters No. 917: Leland Com.) 

9.   Robert Sherwood fl. 1520, Coventry, Warwickshr. Eminent Logician and Hebraist. (Dict. Nat. Biog.; Dodd's Church Hist.) 

10.  Elizabeth Sherwood of temps Hen. VIII (1509-47) married Rich Maudesley of the Mere, Suffolk. (Burke's Landed Gentry.) 

11.  Thos. Sherwood, Martyr, examined on Wrack Nov. 17 1577 during the Inquisitions of Qn. Eliz. into the Uprisings in the North, and condemned to a lingering death in the "Rat" Dungeon" under the Thames. (Strickland, v. 3, p. 349.) 

12.  Sherwood Hall, Egrouh (Egrough?) parish Osgodscrosse, Liberty of Pontefract,near Selby Abbey, Yorkshire-East Riding, was listed in the property of Sir John Nevil, sequestrated by the Crown, because of his connection with his kinsman Charles Nevil, Earl of Westmoreland, in "The Uprisings in 1570 the North," in which the Percies, Howards and Nevils took part. Sherwood Hall was within the boundaries of Old Sherwood Forest, from which Thos. Sherwood 1586-1655, of Fairfield Ct. said he came. 

13.  Dr. Reuben Sherwood d. 1620, of Bath Abbey House, Somerset, Physician to Qu. Anne, who spent much time at the Abbey while Princess Anne. (Collinson's Somerset; Strickland's Queens of Eng.) 

14.  Wm. Sherwood, 1639-1728, son of Geo. Sherwood Gent. of Bushby, Lincolnshire Naturalist and Traveler, endowed Chair of Botany at Oxford, and installed Dillenius. Res. Tower Hill London. (D. Nat.Biog.) Visited No. Am. disc. "Sherrardia". 

The above record is abbreviated from many many notes all gathered by original work of Mary Sherwood Hale, Chicago, and perserved in the bound black book. From that rec. of Research are also taken these 

NOTES

 1.   The Registry book of Bramfield Church, Co. Suffolk, contains vital statistics of Sherwood 1559-1583. (Misc. Gen. and Her. vols. 3 and 4.)                          

2. Vital statistics of Beverly, Yorks, East Riding, Record 20 Sherwood wills 1529-1640. (Harl. Pub.) 

3. A Drayton, Berks Ped., compiled by Geo. Tudor Sherwood, 50 Beecroft Road, London, traces 1570-1902. (The Genealogist; Harl. Pub.) 

4. Sherwood marriages recorded with: Bowes, Yorks; Craven, Yorks; Copley, Yorks. Garnett of Durham; Sherwin of Yorks; Evans of Baymount, Meath; and Skeffington. 

5. Nevils of Leversedge are now barons Braybrook of Audley End, Co. Essex. 

6. Alan de Nevile, d. 1191, Chief Justice of Forests: Hugh, de N. with Rich. I throughout Kingdom. (Matt. Paris) Chas. Nevil, 6th Earl Westmoreland, 1543-1601, b. Raby Castle, Durham, attainted 1570. (N.B. 11 and 12 above. 

7. Over 100 Monastic houses in Yorkshire at Dissolution Hen. VIII; 40 in Notts. 

8. De Laceys of Lincolnshire, were Earls of Palatinate of Meath. 

9. A. Johnstone-Sherwood marriage c. 1640 (See Lady Arabella Johnstone, dau. of Earl of Lincoln) and a Butler-Sherwood marriage c. 1570 (See Appleton) point to Sherwood ties with Saltonstall Col. Of Mass. Bay. Gov. Wyllys of Ct. used same arms as Sherwood of Somerset.   

LINES OF NOTE of my father Nehemiah Sherwood, 1824-1893.  

1. Long and careful study of de Shyreswood-Sherwood and allied lines of the historical period, makes it pretty evident to my mind that they were, at an early date, connected with the administration of Lindisfarne (Holy Island), later absorbed by Durham,) where were laid the first enduring foundations of the English Church. (See N. B.) See Scirwudu the Saxon 958. A.D. "Wudu the fair". 

General Records give us Wm. de Shyreswood d. 1249, Chancellor of Lincoln, which diocese then included portions of Counties adjoining the present diocese, (Brit.) : Wm. Shirwood fl. 1258, Treasurer of Lincoln (Dic. Nat. Biog.): a group of that name in Lincolns. 1273 (Bardsley). 

Wm. Sherwood d. 1482, Lord Bishop of the Palatinate of Meath, Ireland, and Dep. Gov. of Ireland for Geo. Duke of Clarence, the son of Rich. Plantagenet and the gr.gr.dau. of Jno. of Gaunt, i.e. Cecilly, dau. of Ralph and Joan Beaufort) Nevil, 1st Earl of Westmoreland and 6th Baron Raby, Co. Durham. (Gilbert's Viceroys of Ireland). 

John Sherwood, d. 1494, Lord Bishop of Palatinate of Durham; King's Advocate at Rome for Edw. IV., Rich. III, and Hen.. VII. Candidate for Cardinal of Rich. III, whose death defeated project. Passed much time at Court of Marg. of Burgundy, in Belgium. The members of these families were undoubtedly allied, and Sherwood of York represented some of them. He is recorded in one of earliest Visitations, and Thos. Sherwood 1586-1655 by Francis 1634 to Mass. Bay, sprang from their stock. Nehe. Sherwood 1824-1893 was 8th  in desc. from Thos. 1586-1655. 

2. Wm. Smith, b. 1460 Peel House Lancashire, made Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 1490; of Lincolnshire 1496, and Lord Pres. Of Wales 1501. He was educated in the Household of Margaret Beaufort, Ctss. of Richmond and mother by Edmund Tudor of Henry crowned Hen. VII. With Henry's son Arthur, Pr. of Wales, first husband of Cath. of Aragon, Wm. lived at Ludlow Castle, while a Suffragan, managed the Bishoprics, in the custom of time. With Sutton, Wm. Smith founded Brazenose Coll, of Oxford. 

In 1751, the Coll. of Arms established the descent of Nehemiah Smith, 1605-1686, from Bishop Wm. b. 1460, as above.     Abigail (Smith) Sherwood, mother of Nehemiah Sherwood 1824-'93, was 7thin desc. from Rev. Nehe. Smith 1605-86. 

3. Through Thos. Dudley 1576-1653, Col. Gov. of Mass., a line isestablished and recognized through Charlemagne, via Win. Conq.; through Alf. Gt. via marriage of his dau. Margaret to Malcom Canmore, and this includes Rob't. Bruce, 5th Earl of Anandale. Gov. Dudley, 1576-1653, desc. of Barons Dudley, dukes of Northumberland, was an ancestor of Betsey (Gee) Smith, gr.mother of Nehe. Sherwood 1824-'93. 

4. Pilgrim Jno. Howland 1593-1673, By Mayflower to Plymouth 1620, was, it is claimed, a desc. of Richard Howland, Bishop of Peterborough. By marriage of Jno. 4 Sherwood to Mary Gorham in 1761,descent is recognized from Pilgrim Jno. Howland of Nehe Sherwood 1824-'93. No. 378. 

N.B. Scirwudu 958, Saxon ancestor of the Sherwoods, shows the original form of the name, and will some day afford a clue to the probable connection of their Saxon ancestors with Lindisfarne and early Durham.  

LINES OF NOTE of my mother Lucy (Rice) Sherwood 1835-1899 

1. Ap Rhys, Princes of So. Wales, desc. of Dux Brit., Gwledigs, were Officers who rode and guarded the Gt. North Wall. Pr. Uryan their desc. m. Margaret-le-Fay, half sister of King Arthur. Their desc. Sir Rice ap Thomas Fitz Uryan, b. 1449, accepted Eng. Knighthood and name "Rice" from Hen. VII, whom he supported and crowned on Bosworth Field. Sir Rice's arms are over his seat "No. 12" in St.George's Chapel at Windsor. His son, Sir Rice ap Gruffyd Fitz Uryan, m. Cath. Howard, dau. of Premier, Duke of Norfolk, and for supposed aspirations to throne as Pr. of Wales and son-in-law of Premier duke, was executed by Hen. VIII, Desc. from this marriage is claimed for Rices of America; Robert Royce d. 1676, of New London Ct., 7th in ascent, from Lucy Rice who m. 1850, Nehe Sherwood. 

2. De Tirel, Counts of Vexin, desc. of Viking Dukes of Normandy,took name of their castle, 10 miles N.W. of Paris on a peninsula of Seine, and as Lord Protectors of the Abbaye of St. Denis, were privileged to carry the Oriflamme, sacred banner, and were hereditary Standard bearers of France. Later Tyrrells claim desc. from Dukes of Normandy and Plantagenet kings, through the two marriages of Joan Plantagenet, dau. of Edw. I, and Queen Eleanor. 

3. Eleanor Montague, wife of Sir Geo. Tyrrell d. 1571 (descended from Drogo de Monteacuto of Monteacuto-les-bois, Coutance, Normandy, 40 m. So. of Cherbourg. 

4. Isabel Ufford, mother of the wife of Roger I Tyrrell of Milford Ct. 1639, descended from Walter de Mallet of Normandy, and Sidton, Co. Suffolk, whose descendant took name "de Ufford", and were Earls of Suffolk 1369-1381. 

The five Anglo-Norman lines briefly indicated above, and thoroughly worked out and shown elsewhere in my papers are the lines of Lucy Lawrence Tyrrell 1796-1882, who m. Gerry Rice 1795-1888, and they were the parents of Lucy Rice who m. 1850 Nehe. Sherwood 1824-93. Her descent is thus Welsh and Anglo Norman, while Nehemiah Sherwood's, Saxon, and Anglo-Norman and my own therefore is chiefly Anglo-Norman. England from 958-1620: American from1620-1928.                    

                                                                           MARY SHERWOOD HALE.